Apparatus and method for reproducing data from a DVD-audio disk

ABSTRACT

A DVD-Audio which includes a data zone for storing data to be reproduced and an information zone for storing information on the data to be reproduced. The information zone includes directories of a video title set (VIDEO_TS) and an audio title set (AUDIO_TS). The AUDIO_TS directory includes information on an audio manager (AMG) having information on audio titles. The data zone includes the audio titles each having an audio title set information (ATSI) followed by a plurality of contiguous audio objects (AOBs). The ATSI includes a plurality of audio stream attributes each having an audio coding mode, first to third quantization bit numbers, first to third sampling frequencies and decoding algorithm information relating to the number of audio channels. Each of the AOBs includes a plurality of audio packs recorded with audio data corresponding to the decoding algorithm stored in the audio stream attribute. A recording and/or reproducing apparatus records the data and the information on the data or the DVD-Audio and/or reproduces the data and the information on the data therefrom.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 09/618,731, filed Jul. 18, 2000, now pending, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/047,363, filed Mar. 25, 1998,now pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. 08/921,082,now abandoned, all of which claim the benefit of Korean Application No.10330/1997, filed Mar. 25, 1997 and Korean Application No. 51861/1997,filed Oct. 9, 1997, in the Korean Patent Office, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] 1. Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a digital versatile disk (DVD),and an apparatus and method for recording data on and/or reproducingdata from the DVD, and more particularly, to an audio DVD (hereinafterreferred to as “DVD-Audio”) and an apparatus and method for recordingdata on and/or reproducing data from the same.

[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0005] Recently, there has been developed a so-called video DVD(hereinafter referred to as “DVD-Video”), which has a considerablyhigher storage capacity than a laser disk (LD) so as to realize asignificantly improved picture and sound quality. If the DVD is employedto store and retrieve only audio data, such DVD is called a DVD-Audio.The DVD-Audio provides means for storing and retrieving a large amountof audio data having a significantly improved quality compared to acompact disk (CD) or a digital audio tape (DAT).

[0006] The conventional CD stores an audio signal as linear pulse codemodulated (PCM) audio data quantized into 16 bits by employing asampling frequency of 44.1 KHz. The digital data stored in the CD isconverted into analog signals by means of a CD player. The CD is muchmore convenient to use as compared to the previous microgroovephonograph record (LP), but is regarded as having a lower sound qualitythan the analog LP. This is because the audio signals are sampled at44.1 KHz and quantized into 16 bits to be stored into a CD. Moreover,the audible frequency range may be over 20 KHz, and the dynamic rangemust be over 120 dB. In addition, the CD can only store audio signals ofat most two channels, and therefore is impossible to store and reproducethe audio data concerned with multi-channel music. In thesecircumstances, there have been proposed various methods to improve thesound quality of the CD by increasing the numbers of the samplingfrequency and the audio channels.

[0007] The DVD provides means to record video and audio data at highdensity. In this case, the video data is recorded in the MPEG (MovingPicture Expert Group) while the audio data is recorded in the linear PCMformat, dolby AC-3 format, MPEG format, etc. Hence, the DVD-Video playeris designed to reproduce both video and audio data recorded in aDVD-Video. Such a DVD-Video prepared to necessarily store video data isvery uneconomical in view of the storage space when used for storingaudio data only.

[0008] The audio data recorded in a DVD-Video has a much higher qualitythan that in a CD since the audio data of the DVD has a higher samplingfrequency and larger numbers of quantization bits and channels than thatof the CD. Namely, the DVD player reproduces high quality audio data inmultiple channels.

[0009] The DVD is possible to transfer data at 10.08 Mbps at most. Thismakes it possible to reproduce data sampled at 192 KHz in two channels.This also approaches the maximum sampling frequency proposed as aprerequisite for the next advanced audio system at the Advanced DigitalAudio Conference held in Japan in April, 1996. Thus, if audio data arerecorded in a DVD-Audio, the DVD player may reproduce sounds of asignificantly improved quality over that reproduced from the DVD-Video.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a DVD-Audiofor storing digital audio signals sampled at the maximum samplingfrequency and quantized in the maximum number of bits with the number ofchannels limited by the data transfer speed in linear PCM.

[0011] It is another object of the present invention to provide aDVD-Audio for compressively coding digital audio signals sampled at themaximum sampling frequency and quantized in the maximum number of bitsand storing them with the number of channels limited by the datatransfer speed and the coding system in linear PCM.

[0012] It is still another object of the present invention to provide aDVD player for playing a DVD-Audio recorded in linear PCM and a methodtherefor.

[0013] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a DVDplayer for playing a DVD-Audio recorded with audio data compressivelycoded and a method therefor.

[0014] It is further another object of the present invention to providea DVD recorder for properly recording data on a DVD-Video or DVD-Audioby distinguishing them.

[0015] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a DVD-Audioincludes a data zone for storing data to be reproduced and aninformation zone for storing information on the data, the informationzone including directories of a video title set (VIDEO_TS) and an audiotitle set (AUDIO_TS), wherein the AUDIO_TS directory includesinformation on an audio manager (AMG) having information on audiotitles, wherein the data zone includes the audio titles each havingaudio title set information (ATSI) followed by a plurality of contiguousaudio objects (AOBs), the ATSI includes a plurality of audio streamattributes each having an audio coding mode indicator, first to thirdquantization bit numbers, first to third sampling frequencies anddecoding algorithm information relating to the number of audio channels,and each of the AOBs includes a plurality of audio packs recorded withaudio data corresponding to the decoding algorithm stored in the audiostream attribute.

[0016] According to a second aspect, an apparatus to record data on aDVD includes an apparatus to record data on a DVD, including an encoderto encode the data as effective data of a DVD-Audio format in an audiotitle set (AUDIO_TS) of the DVD, and an optical pickup to record thedata on the DVD.

[0017] According to a third aspect, a method of recording data andinformation on the data on a DVD-Audio disk includes a method ofrecording data and information on said data on a DVD-Audio disk,including encoding the data and the information on said data, andrecording the data in a data zone of the DVD-Audio disk and recordingthe information on said data to be reproduced in an information zone ofthe DVD-Audio disk, said information zone includes directories of avideo title set (VIDEO_TS) and an audio title set (AUDIO_TS), whereinsaid AUDIO_TS directory includes information on an audio manager (AMG)having information on audio titles, wherein said data zone includes saidaudio titles each having audio title set information (ATSI) followed bya plurality of contiguous audio objects (AOBs), said ATSI includes aplurality of audio stream attributes each having an audio coding mode, afirst, second or third quantization bit number corresponding to the datato be reproduced, a first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixthsampling frequency corresponding to the data to be reproduced, anddecoding algorithm information relating to a number of audio channels ofthe data to be reproduced, and each of said AOBs includes a plurality ofaudio packs recorded with audio data corresponding to the decodingalgorithm stored in the audio stream attribute.

[0018] The present invention will now be described more specificallywith reference to the drawings attached only by way of example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019]FIG. 1 is an example of the directory structure of a DVD;

[0020]FIG. 2 is an example of the logical data structure of a DVD;

[0021]FIG. 3 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the videomanager (VMG) and VTS;

[0022]FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the VMG of aDVD;

[0023]FIG. 5 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a titlesearch pointer table (TT_SRPT) of a DVD;

[0024]FIG. 6 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a videotitle set information (VTSI);

[0025]FIG. 7 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a videotitle set management table (VTSI_MAT);

[0026]FIG. 8A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the videotitle set audio stream attribute table (VTS_AST_ATRT);

[0027]FIG. 8B is a diagram for illustrating the internal structure ofVTS_AST_ATRT;

[0028]FIG. 9A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of amulti-channel audio stream attribute table of a video title set(VTS_MU_AST_ATRT);

[0029]FIG. 9B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of amulti-channel audio stream attribute (1) of a video title set(VTS_MU_AST_ATR(1));

[0030]FIGS. 9C and 9D are diagrams for illustrating the structure of theVTS_MU_AST_ATR(2);

[0031]FIG. 10 is a diagram for illustrating a logical structure of theDVD-Audio;

[0032]FIG. 11 is a diagram for illustrating the structures of an audiomanager (AMG) and audio title set (ATS) of the DVD-Audio;

[0033]FIG. 12 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audiomanager information (AMGI) of the DVD-Audio;

[0034]FIG. 13 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a titlesearch pointer table (TT_SRPT) of the DVD-Audio;

[0035]FIG. 14 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audiotitle set information (ATSI) of the DVD-Audio;

[0036]FIG. 15 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audiotitle set information management table (ATSI_MAT) of the DVD-Audio;

[0037]FIG. 16 is a diagram for illustrating the internal structure of anaudio stream attribute of an audio title set menu (ATSM_AST_ATR) of theDVD-Audio;

[0038]FIG. 17A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audiostream attribute table of an audio title set (ATS_AST_ATRT) of theDVD-Audio;

[0039]FIG. 17B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audiostream attribute of an audio title set (ATS_AST_ATR) of the DVD-Audio;

[0040]FIG. 18A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of amulti-channel audio stream attribute of an audio title set(ATS_MU_AST_ATR) of the DVD-Audio;

[0041]FIG. 18B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a firstextension of a multi-channel audio stream attribute of an audio titleset (ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(1)) of the DVD-Audio;

[0042]FIG. 18C is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a secondextension of a multi-channel audio stream attribute of the audio titleset (ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(2)) of the DVD-Audio;

[0043]FIG. 19 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audioobject set (AOBS) of the DVD-Audio;

[0044]FIG. 20 is a diagram for illustrating a pack structure of theDVD-Audio;

[0045]FIGS. 21A to 21D are diagrams for illustrating various packstructures of the DVD-Audio;

[0046]FIG. 22 is a diagram for illustrating a linear PCM audio packet inthe audio pack as shown in FIG. 21A;

[0047]FIG. 23 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a linearPCMA audio frame of the DVD-Audio;

[0048]FIGS. 24A to 24C are diagrams for illustrating a sample dataarrangement of the linear PCM;

[0049]FIG. 25 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a linearaudio packet of the DVD-Audio;

[0050]FIG. 26 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a DTS audiopacket of the DVD-Audio;

[0051]FIG. 27 is a block diagram for illustrating the functionalstructure of a DVD-Audio player according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention;

[0052]FIG. 28 is a block diagram for illustrating the structure of anaudio decoder as shown in FIG. 27;

[0053]FIG. 29 is a block diagram for illustrating the functionalstructure of a DVD-Audio/DVD-Video player according to a secondembodiment of the present invention;

[0054]FIG. 30 is a block diagram for illustrating the structure of anaudio/video decoder as shown in FIG. 29;

[0055]FIG. 31 is a flow chart for illustrating the process ofreproducing audio data from a DVD-Audio in the DVD-Audio player; and

[0056]FIG. 32 is a flow chart for illustrating the operation of an audiodecoder in the DVD-Audio player.

[0057]FIG. 33 is a block diagram of a recording and/or reproducingapparatus for implementing the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0058] In the attached drawings, the same reference numerals are used torepresent parts serving the same functions and detailed descriptions areomitted concerning the parts not essential to describe the inventiveconcept, for convenience's sake.

[0059] The data structure of the DVD-Audio is similar to that of theDVD-Video. Hence, the DVD-Audio includes a data zone to record the audiodata and an information zone to record the information on the audiodata. The DVD player may be embodied in the form of a DVD-Audio playeror a DVD-Audio/Video player. Of course, the DVD player has a mechanismto determine whether an inserted DVD is a DVD-Audio or DVD-Video. Theinventive DVD-Audio has almost the same structure as the DVD-Video withsome partly changed data structure to achieve the audio data of highquality.

[0060] The fundamental file structure recorded in the information zoneof the DVD-Audio is as shown in FIG. 1 for illustrating a directorystructure for the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio. The directory structuregenerally includes a video title set directory (VIDEO_TS), audio titleset directory (AUDIO_TS) and a user defined directory. Each of thedirectories contains a plurality of files of which the names shall beassigned. The directory structure is to represent the locations of thefiles in the disk. The files connected to the VIDEO_TS are prepared forthe DVD-Video and DVD-Video player while those connected to the AUDIO_TSare prepared for the DVD-Audio and DVD-Audio player.

[0061] Generally, each of the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio contains bothVIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS. However, the DVD-Video has the AUDIO_TS emptied(all of the information on the data stored in the DVD-Video disk beingcontained in the VIDEO TS) while the DVD-Audio has the AUDIO_TScontaining the information on the positions of the audio titles recordedon the disk and the VIDEO_TS also containing the information on thepositions of the titles of reproducible information (spec: e.g.,sampling frequency) in the DVD-Video player. Hence, if a DVD has noeffective data in the AUDIO_TS, it is determined as being DVD-Video, orotherwise, i.e., if the DVD player detects effective data in theAUDIO_TS, it determines the disk as being DVD-Audio. Namely, the DVDplayer detects the AUDIO_TS of a DVD to distinguish DVD-Video andDVD-Audio.

[0062] The logical data structure of DVD-Video is illustrated in FIG. 1.The concept of the logical data structure of DVD-Video includesstructure of a volume space, structure of a video manager (VMG),structure of a video title set (VTS), and structure of a video objectset (VOBS).

[0063] Describing the logical data structure of the volume space withreference to FIG. 2, it includes the volume and file structure, singleDVD-Video zone and DVD others zone. The DVD-Video zone, which shall beassigned for the data structure of the DVD-Video, includes a single VMGand VTSs numbering from at least 1 to a maximum of 99. The VMG isallocated at the leading part of the DVD-Video zone. Each VTS includesbetween 3 and 12 files.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 3 for illustrating the VMG and VTS structure,all VOBs are recorded in contiguous blocks. Each VOB includes video,audio and sub-picture data. The VMG includes a video manager informationfile (VMGI) as control data, video manager menu file of the VOBs(VMGM_VOBS) and VGMI backup file. Each VTS includes VTSI as controldata, a video title set menu of VOBS (VTSM_VOBS), a video title settitle of VOBS (VTSTT_VOBS) and a VTSI backup file. The VTSTT_VOBSincludes a plurality of cells (C_IDN). In the drawing, C_IDN# indicatescell ID number within a VOBS, and VOB_IDN# VOB ID number within a VOBS.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 4, the VMGI describes information on therelated VIDEO_TS directory. The VMGI starts with a video managerinformation management table (VMGI_MAT), followed by a title searchpointer table (TT_SRPT), followed by a video manager menu PGCI unittable (VMGM_PGCI_UT), followed by a parental management informationtable (PTL_MAIT), followed by a video title set attribute table(VTS_ATRT), followed by a text data manager (TXTDT_MG), followed by avideo manager menu cell address table (VMGM_C_ADT), followed by a videomanager menu video object unit address map (VMGM_VOBU_ADMAP).

[0066] Referring to FIG. 5 for describing search information of a videotitle under the VIDEO_TS directory, the TT_SRPT starts with TT_SRPTinformation (TT_SRPTI) followed by title search pointers (TT_SRPs) forevery title under the VIDEO_TS directory. The title number # ranges from1 to 99.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 6, the VTSI provides information for one ormore video titles and the video title set menu (VTSM). The VTSIdescribes the management information of these titles such as theinformation to search the part_of title (PTT) and the information toplay back the video object set (VOBS), and the video title set menu(VTSM), as well as the information on the attribute of the VOBS.

[0068] The VTSI starts with a video title set information managementtable (VTSI_MAT), followed by a video title set part_of_title searchpointer table (VTS_PTT_SPRT), followed by a video title set programchain information table (VTS_PGCIT), followed by a video title set menuPGCI unit table

[0069] (VTSM_PGCI_UT), followed by a video title set time map table(VTS_TMAPT), followed by a video title set menu cell address table(VTSM_C_ADT), followed by a video title set menu video object unitaddress map (VTSM_VOBU_ADMAP), followed by a video title set celladdress table (VTS_C_ADT), followed by a video title set video objectunit address map (VTS_VOBU_ADMAP) as shown in FIG. 6.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 7, the VTSI_MAT describes the start address ofeach piece of information in the VTSI and the attribute of the VOBS inthe VTS. In this VTSI_MAT, the audio stream attribute table of the VTS(VTS_AST_ATRT) of RBP 516 to 579 stores 8 VTS_AST_ATRs #0 to #7 as shownin FIG. 8A. Each VTS_AST_ATR includes 8 bytes arranged as shown in FIG.8B. Each field value represents the internal information of the audiostream of the VTSM_VOBS. Describing the contents of one VTS_AST ATR withreference to FIG. 8B, the audio coding mode of b63 to b61 is as shown inthe following Table 1: TABLE 1 b63-b61 Audio Coding Mode 000b Dolby AC-3010b MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 without extension bit stream 011b MPEG-2 withextension bitstream 100b Linear PCM audio 110b DTS (option) 111b SDDS(option) Others reserved

[0071] The multichannel extension of b60 is to store information onwhether the multichannel extension is made or not. Namely, 0 b

[0072] represents the multichannel extension not selected while 1 brepresents the multichannel extension selected according to theinformation of the VTS_MU_AST_ATRT recorded in RBP 792 to 983 of theVTSI_MAT shown in FIG. 7.

[0073] The audio type of b59 to b58 is as shown in Table 2. TABLE 2b59-b58 audio type 00b Not specified 01b Language included Othersreserved

[0074] The audio application mode of b57 to b56 is as shown in thefollowing Table 3. TABLE 3 b57-b56 audio application mode 00b notspecified 01b Karaoke mode 10b Surround mode 11b reserved

[0075] For the quantization/DRC of b55 to b54, when the audio codingmode is ‘000b’, ‘11b’ is recorded. When the audio coding mode is ‘010b’or ‘011b’, the quantization/DRC is defined as:

[0076] 00b: Dynamic range control data do not exist in MPEG audio stream

[0077] 01b: Dynamic range control data exist in MPEG audio stream

[0078] 10b: reserved

[0079] 11b: reserved

[0080] When the audio coding mode ‘100b’, then the quantization/DRC isdefined as in the following Table 4. TABLE 4 b55-b54 Quantization DRC00b 16 bits 01b 20 bits 10b 24 bits 11b reserved

[0081] The sampling frequency fs of b53 to b52 is as shown in Table 5.TABLE 5 B53-b52 fs 00b 48 KHz 01b 96 KHz 10b reserved 11b reserved

[0082] The number of audio channels stored in b50 to b48 is as shown inTable 6. TABLE 6 b50-b48 No. of Audio Channels 000b 1ch (mono) 001b 2ch(stereo) 010b 3ch (multichannel) 011b 4ch (multichannel) 100b 5ch(multichannel) 101b 6ch (multichannel) 110b 7ch (multichannel) 111b 8ch(multichannel) Others reserved

[0083] In addition, the multichannel audio stream attribute table of theVTS of RBP 792 to 983 in the VTSI_MAT of FIG. 7 provides theVTS_MU_AST_ATRs #0 to #7 of 8 audio streams as shown in FIG. 9A. EachVTS_MU_AST_ATR includes a VTS_MU_AST_ATR (1) of 8 bytes as shown in FIG.9B and a VTS_MU_AST_ATR (2) of 16 bytes as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D.

[0084] Thus, the information zone VIDEO_TS of the DVD-Video isconstructed as shown in FIGS. 2 to 9D. Such a DVD-Video stores bothvideo and audio data, and therefore can not provide audio data of goodquality. Hence, it is impossible to record the audio data on a DVD-Videoat the maximum rate 10.08 Mbps of the DVD. Namely, the maximum bit rateto record the audio data on the DVD-Video is 6.75 Mbps, and the maximumsampling frequency 96 KHz. The linear PCM multichannel audio datarecorded on the DVD-Video is as shown in Table 7. TABLE 7 Maximum NumberFs Qb of Channels Maximum Bit Rate 48 KHz 16 bit 8ch 6.144 Mbps 48 KHz20 bit 6ch 5.760 Mbps 48 KHz 24 bit 5ch 5.760 Mbps 96 KHz 16 bit 4ch6.144 Mbps 96 KHz 20 bit 3ch 5.760 Mbps 96 KHz 24 bit 2ch 4.608 Mbps

[0085] The present invention is to provide a DVD-Audio for recordingonly audio data not including video data. Hence, the DVD-Audio can storemultichannel audio data in the range of the maximum bit rate 10.08 Mbpsof the DVD, which is different from the DVD-Video. Thus, the DVD-Audiomay use the sampling frequency of at most 192 KHz, and extend the numberof the audio channels to 13.

[0086] The file structure stored in the information zone of theDVD-Audio is essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1. The files includedin the AUDIO_TS directory are to provide for the DVD-Audio and itsplayer. Hence, the DVD-Audio has both AUDIO_TS and VIDEO_TS, where theVIDEO_TS stores the positional information of the VMG and titles whichare reproducible in a DVD-Video player. The AUDIO_TS stores thepositional information of the AMG and titles which are reproducible in aDVD-Audio player. The DVD player determines whether an inserted DVD isDVD-Audio or not by checking the contents of the audio title setdirectory AUDIO_TS.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 10, the logical data structure of the DVD-Audioincludes structure of a volume space, structure of an audio manager(AMG), structure of an audio title set (ATS), and structure of an audioobject set (AOBS). The volume space includes the volume and filestructure, a single DVD-Audio zone and DVD others zone. The DVD-Audiozone, which is assigned for the data structure of the DVD-Audio,includes a single AMG and VTSS numbering from at least 1 to a maximum of99. The AMG is allocated at the leading part of the DVD-Audio zone,including 2 or 3 files. Each VTS includes between 3 and 12 files.

[0088] The AMG and ATS are structured similar to the VMG and VTS of theDVD-Video, as shown in FIGS. 11-17C. However, the data structure for thelinear PCM and pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic coded data (PLPCD) of theDVD-Audio is not proper for processing the linear PCM, lossless codeddata or PLPCD according to the new sampling frequency of the DVD-Audio.Therefore, the data structures of the AMG and ATS are made somewhatdifferent from that of the VMG and VTS. Namely, the part allocated forthe sampling frequency and channel number in the part allocated for theaudio attribute of the VMG and VTS is extended for the AMG and ATS.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 11 for illustrating the AMG and ATS structures,all AOBs are recorded in contiguous blocks. The AMG includes an audiomanager information file (AMGI) as control data, an audio manager menufile of the AOBs (AMGM_AOBS) and an AGMI backup file. Each ATS includesATSI as control data, an audio title set menu of AOBS (ATSM_AOBS), anaudio title set title of AOBS (ATSTT_AOBS) and an ATSI backup file. TheATSTT_AOBS includes a plurality of cells (C_IDN). In the drawing, C_IDN#indicates cell ID number within an AOBS, and AOB_IDN# AOB ID numberwithin an AOBS.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 12, the AMGI describes information on therelated AUDIO_TS directory. The AMGI starts with an audio managerinformation management table (AMGI_MAT), followed by a title searchpointer table (TT_SRPT), followed by an audio manager menu PGCI unittable (AMGM_PGCI_UT), followed by a parental management informationtable (PTL_MAIT), followed by an audio title set attribute table(ATS_ATRT), followed by a text data manager (TXTDT_MG), followed by anaudio manager menu cell address table (AMGM_C_ADT), followed by an audiomanager menu audio object unit address map (AMGM_AOBU_ADMAP).

[0091] Referring to FIG. 13 for describing search information of anaudio title under the VIDEO_TS directory, the TT_SRPT starts withTT_SRPT information (TT_SRPTI) followed by title search pointers(TT_SRPs) for every title under the AUDIO_TS directory. The title number# ranges from 1 to 99.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 14, the ATSI provides information for one ormore audio titles and audio title set menu (ATSM). The ATSI describesthe management information of these titles such as the information tosearch the part_of title (PTT) and the information to play back theaudio object set (AOBS), and the audio title set menu (ATSM), as well asthe information on the attribute of the AOBS.

[0093] The ATSI starts with audio title set information management table(ATSI_MAT), followed by an audio title set part_of_title search pointertable (ATS PTT SPRT), followed by an audio title set program chaininformation table (ATS_PGCIT), followed by an audio title set menu PGCIunit table (ATSM_PGCI UT), followed by an audio title set time map table(ATS TMAPT), followed by an audio title set menu cell address table(ATSM_C_ADT), followed by an audio title set menu audio object unitaddress map (ATSM_AOBU ADMAP), followed by an audio title set celladdress table (ATS C ADT), followed by an audio title set audio objectunit address map (ATS_AOBU_ADMAP) as shown in FIG. 14.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 15, the ATSI_MAT describes the start address ofeach information in the ATSI and the attribute of the

[0095] AOBS in the ATS. The ATSI_MAT is provided with ATSM_AST_ATR ofRBP 260 to 267, ATS_AST_ATRT of RBP 516 to 579 and ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT ofRBP 792 to 1298.

[0096] The audio coding mode of the ATSM_AST_ATR and ATS_AST_ATRT storesthe coding information of the audio data recorded in the DVD-Audio. Thepresent embodiment describes the recording on the DVD-Audio of the audiodata of lossless psychoacoustic coding and pseudo-losslesspsychoacoustic coding (hereinafter referred to as “psychoacousticcoding”). In addition, it is assumed that the psychoacoustic coding modeis performed with a DTS coding system, which may support the losslesspsychoacoustic coding and pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic coding. In thiscase, the DTS coding mode is optional, and if b63 to b61 is ‘110b’, theDTS audio coding mode is selected.

[0097] For the change of ATSM_AST_ATR, the data pattern and definitionof b55 to b48 are changed. Namely, the sampling frequency data of b53 tob52 is changed, and the reserved bit of b51 is included in the audiochannels, as shown in FIG. 16. Thus, the audio sampling frequency fs ischanged as shown in Table 8. TABLE 8 b53-b52 b51 fs 00b 0 48 KHz 01b 096 KHz 10b 0 192 KHz 11b 0 reserved 00b 1 44.1 KHz 01b 1 88.2 KHz 10b 1176.4 KHz 11b 1 reserved

[0098] In addition, the number of the audio channels is changed as shownin Tables 9a and 9b. TABLE 9a b51-b48 Number of Audio Channels 0000b 1ch (mono) 0001b  2ch (stereo) 0010b  3ch (multichannel) 0011b  4ch(multichannel) 0100b  5ch (multichannel) 0101b  6ch (multichannel) 0110b 7ch (multichannel) 0111b  8ch (multichannel) 1000b  9ch (multichannel)1001b 10ch (multichannel) 1010b 11ch (multichannel) 1011b 12ch(multichannel) 1100b 13ch (multichannel) 1101b 14ch (multichannel) 1110b15ch (multichannel) 1111b 16ch (multichannel)

[0099] TABLE 9b 1100b 13ch (multichannel) 1101b 14ch (multichannel)1110b 15ch (multichannel) 1111b 16ch (multichannel)

[0100] The ATS_AST_ATRT of RBP 516 to 579 in the ATSI_MAT as shown inFIG. 15 stores ATS_AST_ATRs of 8 audio streams #0 to #7 as shown in FIG.17A, each of which includes 8 bytes structured as shown in FIG. 17B, andeach field value serves as the internal information of the audio streamof the ATSM_AOBS.

[0101] The data pattern and definition of b55 to b48 are changed asshown in FIG. 17B. Namely, in b55 to b48 of the VTS_AST_ATRT as shown inFIG. 8B, the reserved bit of b51 is included in the audio channels.Consequently, the audio sampling frequency fs is changed as shown inTable 8 while the number of the audio channels is changed as shown inTables 9a and 9b.

[0102] In the ATS_MU_AST_ATRT, the information as shown in FIGS. 18B and18C are added to the information of FIGS. 9B and 9C. TheATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) and ATS_MU_AST_ATR(2) provide the information on theaudio data and channel mixing coefficients up to 8 channels, andtherefore can not provide the information on the linear PCM audio over 8channels. The present invention may provide up to 13 channels, so thatthe information from the 9th channel to the 13th channel are recorded inthe reserved regions after the ATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) and ATS_MU_AST_ATR(2).Referring to FIG. 18A, the ATS_MU_AST_ATRT provides 13 ATS_MU_AST_ATRs#0 to #12 each having 39 bytes to store the information on 13 audiochannels and the mixing coefficients.

[0103] Each ATS_MU_AST_ATR includes the audio channel information asshown in FIG. 18B and the mixing coefficient information as shown inFIG. 18C. FIG. 18B illustrates only the information of the extended fiveaudio channels ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(1), while omitting theATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) for storing the data information of the 8 audiochannels. Likewise, FIG. 18C illustrates only the information of theextended five audio channels ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(2), while omitting theATS_MU_AST_ATR(2) for storing the data information of the 8 audiochannels.

[0104] The ATSI_MAT represents the information on the audio datarecorded on the DVD-Audio, forming the first part of each audio titleand followed by the AOBS of substantial audio data. Of course, theVTSI_MAT as shown in FIG. 7 represent also the information on the videodata, sub-picture data and audio data recorded on the DVD-Video, formingthe first part of each video title and followed by the VOBS ofsubstantial data. The AOBS is structured as shown in FIG. 19, providinga plurality of audio packs to store the audio data. Likewise, the VOBSis structured similar to FIG. 19, providing a plurality of video packs,sub-picture packs and audio packs to respectively store the video data,sub-picture data and audio data.

[0105] The structure of the AOBS is similar to that of the VOBS, andtherefore description of the structure of the VOBS will help understandthe structure of the AOBS. The VOBS includes a plurality of videoobjects VOB_IDN1 to VOB_IDNi, each of which in turn includes a pluralityof cells C_IDN1 to C_IDNj, each of which in turn includes a plurality ofvideo object units VOBUs, each of which in turn includes a plurality ofvideo packs.

[0106] The video data recorded in a DVD-Video includes a plurality ofpacks, whose structure is illustrated in FIG. 20 without a paddingpacket. Referring to FIG. 20, one pack has a size of 2048 bytesincluding a pack header of 14 bytes and a plurality of packets forvideo, audio, sub-picture, DSI or PCI of 2034 bytes. Further, the packetheader includes a pack start code of 4 bytes, SCR of 6 bytes,program_mux_rate of 3 bytes and stuffing_length of 1 byte.

[0107] Referring to FIG. 21A, the linear PCM audio pack includes a packheader of 14 bytes and a linear audio packet of 2034 bytes. The audiopacket includes a packet header of 1 byte, sub_stream_id of 1 byte,audio frame information of 3 bytes and linear PCM audio data of 1 to2013 bytes.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 21B, the dolby AC-3 audio pack includes a packheader of 14 bytes and a dolby AC-3 audio packet of 2034 bytes. Theaudio packet further includes a packet header of 1 byte, sub_stream_idof 1 byte, audio frame information of 3 bytes and AC-3 audio data of 1to 2016 bytes.

[0109]FIG. 21C illustrates the structure of an MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 audiopack without an extension bit stream, and FIG. 21D the structure ofMPEG-2 with an extension stream. The structures of the audio packs asshown in FIGS. 21A to 21D are shown in Table 10, additionally providedwith private data areas corresponding to their formats. TABLE 10 FieldBit Byte Value Comment packet_start_code_prefix 24 3 00 0001h stream_id8 1 1011 1101b private_stream_1 PES_packet_length 16 2 ‘10’ 2 3PES_scrambling_control 2 3 00b not scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 nopriority data_alignment_indicator 1 3 0 not defined by descriptorcopyright 1 3 0 not defined by descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0original:1 copy: 0 PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flag 1 3 0 no ESCRfield ES_rate_flag 1 3 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mode_flag 1 3 0 notrick mode field additional_copy_info_flag 1 3 0 no copy info fieldPES_CRC-flag 1 3 0 no CRC field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to 15 ‘0010’ 4 5 provider defined Note 1PTS[32...30] 3 5 provider defined Note 1 marker_bit 1 5 provider definedNote 1 PTS[29...15] 15 5 provider defined Note 1 marker_bit 1 5 providerdefined Note 1 PTS[14...0] 15 5 provider defined Note 1 marker_bit 1 5provider defined Note 1 PES_private_data_flag 1 1 0 Note 2pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0 Note 2 program_packet_sequence 1 1 0 Note 2counter_flag P_STD_buffer_flag 1 1 1 Note 2 reserved 3 1 111b Note 2PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0 Note 2 ‘01’ 2 2 01b Note 2 P_STD_buffer_scale1 2 1 Note 2 P_STD-buffer_size 13 2 58 Note 2 stuffing_byte — 0-7

[0110] In the audio packet of the linear PCM data structured as shown inFIG. 21A, the data recorded in the private data area besides the commondata area is as shown in Table 11. TABLE 11 Audio Data Area (Linear PCM)Field Bit Byte Value Comment sub_stream_id 8 1 10100***b Note 1number_of_frame_headers 8 Note 2 first_access_unit_pointer 16 Note 3audio_emphasis_flag 1 Note 4 audio_mute_flag 1 Note 5 Reserved 1 3 0audio_frame_number 5 Note 6 quantization_word_length 2 Note 7 audiosampling frequency 2 Note 8 Reserved 1 0 number_of_audio_channels 3 3Provider Defined Note 9 dynamic_range_control 8 Note 10 In Table 11,Notes 1 to 10 are described as follows: Note 1: ***represents decodingan audio data stream number. Note 2: “number_of_frame_headers” describesthe number of audio frames whose first byte is in this audio packet.Note 3: The access unit is the audio frame. The first access unit is thefirst audio frame which has the first byte of the audio frame. Note 4:“audio_emphasis_flag” describes the state of emphasis. When “audio_(—)sampling_frequency” is 96 KHz, “emphasis off” is described in thisfield. The emphasis is applied to all audio samples decoded from thefirst access unit. 0b: emphasis off 1b: emphasis on Note 5:“audio_mute_flag” describes the state of mute while all data in theaudio frame is ZERO. The mute is applied to all audio samples decodedfrom the first access unit. Note 6: “audio_frame_number” describes theframe number of the first access unit in the Group of audio frame (GOF)with the numbers between ‘0’ and ‘19’. Note 7:“quantization_word_length” describes the word-length which the audiosamples are quantized to. 00b: 16 bits 01b: 20 bits 10b: 24 bits 11b:reserved Note 8: “audio_sampling_frequency” describes the samplingfrequency of the audio sample. 00b: 48 KHz 01b: 96 KHz Others: reservedNote 9: “number_of_channels” describes the number of audio channels.000b: 1ch (mono) 001b: 2ch (stereo) 010b: 3ch 011b: 4ch 100b: 5ch 101b:6ch {close oversize brace} (multichannel) 110b: 7ch 111b: 8ch Note 10:“dynamic_range_control” describes the dynamic word control word tocompress the dynamic range from the first access unit.

[0111] In the audio packets as shown in FIGS. 21A to 21D, the stream_idof the linear PCM audio packet is 1011 1101b (private_stream_(—)1), andthe sub_stream_id 1010 0***b. The stream_id of the AC-3 audio packet is1011 1101b (private_stream_(—)1), and the sub_stream_id 1000 0***b. Thestream_id of the MPEG audio packet is 1100 0***b or 1101 0***b, and nosub_stream_id. “***” in the stream_id or sub_stream_id indicates thedecoding audio stream number which has a value between “0” and “7”, andthe decoding audio stream numbers are not assigned the same numberregardless of the audio compression mode.

[0112]FIG. 22 illustrates the structure of the audio stream and packs.The audio data used in the DVD-Audio may include linear PCM data, dolbyAC-3 data and MPEG audio data. The audio stream further includes aplurality of audio packs. In addition, each audio pack constitutes aunit of 2048 bytes as shown in FIG. 22. In this case, the form ofencoding the linear PCM audio is based on Table 12. TABLE 12 Samplingfrequency (fs) 48 KHz 96 KHz Sampling phase Shall be simultaneous forall channels in a stream Quantization 16 bits or more, 2's complementarycode mphasis Can be applied Can not be (zero point: 50 μs, pole: 15 μs)applied

[0113] In Table 12, the audio stream data for linear PCM includescontiguous GOFs (Group of Audio Frames), each of which includes 20 audioframes except for the last GOF. The last GOF includes no more than 20audio frames.

[0114]FIG. 23 illustrates the structure of the audio frame. One audioframe includes sample data which correspond to the presentation time of{fraction (1/600)} second. One audio frame contains 80 or 160 audiosample data according to a frequency (fs) of 48 KHz or 96 KHz. One GOFcorresponds to the presentation time of {fraction (1/30)} second.

[0115]FIGS. 24A to 24C illustrate a sample data alignment for linearPCM. Sample data is formed by the data from each channel sampled out atthe same time. Therefore, the size of sample data varies with the audiostream attribute. The sampled data is continuously arranged. Two sampledata for each mode are shown in FIGS. 24A to 24C. FIG. 24A illustrates a16 bits mode, FIG. 24B illustrates a 20 bits mode and FIG. 24Cillustrates a 24 bits mode. The packet data structure of the linear PCMaudio is as shown in Table 13. TABLE 13 Data in a Packet Maximum Streammode number of Packet stuffing of Padding packet for Number of samplesin a Data size first/other PES first/other other channels fs (KHz)Quantization packet (byte) packet (byte) PES packet (byte) 1 mono 48/9616 1004  2008 2/5 0/0 48/96 20 804 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96 24 670 2010 0/30/0 2 stereo 48/96 16 502 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96 20 402 2010 0/3 0/0 48/9624 334 2004 6/0 0/9 3 48/96 16 334 2004 6/0 0/9 48/96 20 268 2010 0/30/0 48 24 222 1988 0/0 12/15 4 48/96 16 250 2000 0/0 10/13 48 20 2002000 0/0 10/13 48 24 166 1992 0/0 18/21 5 48 16 200 2000 0/0 10/13 48 20160 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 134 2010 0/3 0/0 6 48 16 166 1992 0/0 18/21 4820 134 2010 0/3 0/0 7 48 16 142 1988 0/0 22/25 8 48 16 124 1984 0/026/29

[0116] If the number of samples is less than in Table 13, the length ofa padding packet may increase to adjust the pack size. Samples shall bealigned at packet boundary. Namely, the audio sample data of every audiopacket for linear PCM audio always start with the first byte of S_(2n)described in Table 13. The channel assignment for linear PCM is asfollows:

[0117] In the stereo presentation mode, the descriptions of channels,ACH0 and ACH1 correspond to left channel (L-ch) and right channel (R-ch)respectively. Multichannel coding is required to keep compatibility withthe stereo mode.

[0118] The structure of the DVD-Audio is as shown in FIG. 19. Since theDVD-Audio is to store audio data, it contains no video pack (V_PCK) orsub-picture pack (SP_PCK), or otherwise only small amounts of them. TheAOBS includes a plurality of packs of data as the VOBS does. The generalstructure of the audio pack is as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21A to 21D. Itis assumed that the inventive DVD-Audio does not employ MPEG and AC-3and instead records audio data of linear PCM and compression codingsystem.

[0119] Tables 10 and 11 illustrate the linear PCM audio packet of theDVD-Video, which may be altered to obtain the linear PCM audio packet ofthe DVD-Audio. Describing the linear PCM system of the DVD-Audio, thesampling frequencies are 48, 44.1, 96, 188.2, 192 or 176.4 KHz, thenumber of quantization bits is 16, 20 or 24 bits, and the number ofaudio channels is from 1 ch to the maximum allowed by the bit rate. Thenumber of the audio channels may be determined by Eq. 1. $\begin{matrix}{N = \frac{{Mb}\quad \gamma}{{Fs}^{*}{Qb}}} & {{Eq}.\quad 1}\end{matrix}$

[0120] Fs: Sampling Frequency(Hz)→48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz,192 KHz, or 176.4 KHz

[0121] Qb: Number of Quantization Bits→16 bits, 20 bits, or 24 bits

[0122] Mby: Maximum Data Transfer Rate of DVD(Mbps)→10.08 Mbps

[0123] N: Maximum Number of Possible Channels Determined by DataTransmission Rate, Sampling Frequency and Number of Quantization Bits ofDVD.

[0124] The number of channels determined by Eq. 1 is shown in Table 14.TABLE 14 Number of Maximum Number of Sampling Frequency QuantizationBits Channels 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 16 bits 8 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 20 8 48 KHz/44.1KHz 24 8 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 16 6 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 20 5 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 24 4192 KHz/176.4 KHz 16 3 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 20 2 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 24 2

[0125] The structure of the linear PCM audio pack of the DVD-Audio isconstructed as shown in FIG. 25, which is the same as that of theDVD-Video as shown in FIG. 21A. Namely, one audio pack comprises a packheader of 14 bytes and one or more linear PCM packets of at maximum 2021bytes. The pack header is based on an MPEG2 system layer.

[0126] The structure of the linear PCM audio packet is also based on theMPEG2 system layer. The linear PCM audio packet is constructed as shownin Tables 15 and 16. Table 15 has the same structure as Table 10 whileTable 16 for representing private data structure has a structuredifferent from that of Table 11. TABLE 15 Field Bit Byte Value Commentpacket_start_code_prefix 24 3 00 0001h stream_id 8 1 1011 1101bprivate_stream_1 PES_packet_length 16 2 ‘10’ 2 3 PES_scrambling_control2 3 00b not scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 no prioritydata_alignment_indicator 1 3 0 not defined by descriptor copyright 1 3 0not defined by descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0 original: 1 copy:0 PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flag 1 3 0 no ESCR field ES_rate_flag1 3 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mod_flag 1 3 0 no trick mode fieldadditional_copy_info_flag 1 3 0 no copy info field PES_CRC_flag 1 3 0 NoCRC field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1 PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to15 ‘0010’ 4 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS[32...30] 3 5 provider Note 1defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS[29...15] 15 5provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 definedPTS[14...0] 15 5 provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1defined PES_private_data_flag 1 1 0 Note 2 pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0Note 2 program_packet_sequence_counter_ 1 1 0 Note 2 flagP_STD_buffer_flag 1 1 1 Note 2 reserved 3 1 111b Note 2PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0 Note 2 ‘01’ 2 2 01b Note 2 P_STD_buffer_scale1 2 1 Note 2 P_STD_buffer_size 13 2 58 Note 2 Stuffing_byte — 0-7

[0127] TABLE 16 Audio data Area (Linear PCM) Field Bit Byte ValueComment sub_stream-id 8 1 10100***b Note 1 number_of_frame_headers 8Provider defined Note 2 first_access_unit_pointer 16 Provider definedNote 3 audio_emphasis_flag 1 Provider defined Note 4 audio_mute_flag 1Provider defined Note 5 reserved 1 3 0 audio_frame_number 5 Providerdefined Note 6 quantization_word_length 2 Provider defined Note 7audio_sampling_frequency 3 Provider defined Note 8number_of_audio_channels 3 Provider defined Note 9 dynamic_range_control8 Provider defined Note 10 In TABLE 16, Notes 1 to 10 are described asfollows: Note 1: ***represents decoding the audio data stream number.Note 2: “number_of_frame_headers” describes the number of audio frameswhose first byte is in this audio packet. Note 3: The access unit is theaudio frame. The first access unit is the first audio frame which hasthe first byte of the audio frame. Note 4: “audio_emphasis_flag”describes the state of emphasis. When “audio_(—) sampling_frequency” is96 KHz, “emphasis off” is described in this field. The emphasis isapplied to all audio samples decoded from the first access unit. 0b:emphasis off 1b: emphasis on Note 5: “audio_mute_flag” describes thestate of mute while all data in the audio frame is ZERO. The mute isapplied to all audio samples decoded from the first access unit. 0b:mute off 1b: mute on Note 6: “audio_frame_number” describes the framenumber of the first access unit in the Group of audio frame (GOF) withthe numbers between ‘0’ and ‘19’. Note 7: “quantization_word_length”describes the word-length which the audio samples are quantized to. 00b:16 bits 01b: 20 bits 10b: 24 bits 11b: reserved Note 8:“audio_sampling_frequency” describes the sampling frequency of the audiosample. 00b: 48 KHz 01b: 96 KHz 10b: 192 KHz 11b: reserved 100b: 44.1KHz 101b: 88.2 KHz 110b: 176.4 KHz 111b: reserved Note 9:“number_of_channels” describes the number of audio channels. 0000b: 1ch(mono) 0001b: 2ch (stereo) 0010b: 3ch 0011b: 4ch 0100b: 5ch 0101b: 6ch{close oversize brace} (multichannel) 0110b: 7ch 0111b: 8ch Note 10:“dynamic_range_control” describes the dynamic word control word tocompress the dynamic range from the first access unit.

[0128] The packet data structure of the linear PCM audio andcorresponding frame size of 48 KHz/192 KHz are as shown in Table 17.TABLE 17 Data in a Packet Maximum Stream Mode number of Packet Stuffingof Padding packet for Number of samples in a Data size first/other PESfirst/other other Channels Fs (KHz) Quantization packet (byte) packet(byte) PES packet (byte) 1 mono 48/96/192 16 1004 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96/19220 804 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96/192 24 670 2010 0/3 0/0 2 stereo 48/96/192 16502 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96/192 20 402 2010 0/5 0/0 48/96/192 24 334 2004 6/00/9 3 48/96/192 16 334 2004 6/0 0/9 48/96 20 268 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96 24222 1988 0/0 12/15 4 48/96 16 250 2000 0/0 10/13 48/96 20 200 2000 0/010/13 48/96 24 166 1992 0/0 18/21 5 48/96 16 200 2000 0/0 10/13 48/96 20160 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 134 2010 0/3 0/0 6 48/96 16 166 1992 0/0 18/2148 20 134 2010 0/3 0/0 48 24 110 1980 0/0 30/33 7 48 16 142 1988 0/022/25 48 20 114 1995 0/0 15/18 48 24 94 1974 0/0 36/39 8 48 16 124 19840/0 26/29 48 20 100 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 82 1968 0/0 42/45 9 48 16 1101980 0/0 30/33 48 20 88 1980 0/0 30/33 10  48 16 100 2000 0/0 10/13 4820 80 2000 0/0 10/13 11  48 16 90 1980 0/0 30/33 12  48 16 82 1968 0/042/45 13  48 16 76 1976 0/0 34/37

[0129] If the number of samples is less than in Table 17, the length ofpadding packet may increase to adjust the pack size. Samples shall bealigned at the packet boundary. Namely, the audio sample data of everyaudio packet starts with the first byte of S_(2n). The number of theaudio samples in a packet always becomes even.

[0130] Thus, in DVD-Audio format, the linear PCM data is processed inframes and GOF. The DVD-Audio may use the sampling frequency of 192 KHz,whereby the basic rule of linear PCM coding may be set as shown in Table18. TABLE 18 Sampling 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 192 KHz/176.4 KHzfrequency (fs) Sampling Shall be simultaneous for all channels in allstreams Phase Quantization 16 bits or more, 2's complementary codeEmphasis Can be applied cannot be applied (zero point: 50 μs, pole: 15μs)

[0131] One audio frame contains 320 audio sample data when fs is 192KHz. One GOF corresponds to the presentation time of {fraction (1/30)}second as in the DVD-Video. The sampling frequency of 96 KHz is used toachieve multichannel to store quality audio data.

[0132] When recording the linear PCM audio data using the samplingfrequency of 48 KHz and quantization of 16 bits, 13 channels areavailable so as to record the audio data of 10 channels required by thepresent multichannel music. However, when using the sampling frequencyof 192 KHz and quantization of 24 bits, only 2 channels are available torecord audio data, which can not meet the requirement of themultichannel music. Namely, it is impossible to achieve multichannelaudio function with high sampling frequency and a great number of databits. However, such limitation may be resolved by lossless coding orpseudo-lossless coding. The compression ratio of lossless coding isabout 2:1 while that of pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic coding is about4:1.

[0133] It is assumed that the inventive DVD-Audio employs DTS (DigitalTheater System) coding which is pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic codingwith the compression ratio of about 4:1. Further, the DTS makes itpossible to perform lossless coding. The DTS can provide a sufficientnumber of channels without significant degradation of sound quality. Forthe DTS may carry out coding for a high specification with the samplingfrequency of 192 KHz and 24 bit quantization compared to differentcompression coding algorithms presently proposed, and has been developedto minimize degradation of sound quality instead of reducing the bitrate. The DTS has the sampling frequencies of 48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz,88.2 KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4 KHz, the quantization bit number of 16, 20and 24, and the number of channels from 1 ch coding to the maximumallowed by the bit rate. The number of audio channels may be determinedby Eq. 2. $\begin{matrix}{N = \frac{{Mb}\quad \gamma^{*}{Cc}\quad \gamma}{{Fs}^{*}{Qb}}} & {{Eq}.\quad 2}\end{matrix}$

[0134] Fs: Sampling Frequency(Hz)→48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz,192 KHz, or 176.4 KHz

[0135] Qb: Number of Quantization Bits→16, 20, or 24

[0136] Mby: Maximum Data Transfer Rate of DVD(Mbps)→10.08 Mbps

[0137] Ccy: Compression ratio of Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic Coding

[0138] N: Maximum Number of Audio Channels Determined by Data TransferRate, Sampling Frequency and Number of Quantization Bits of DVD

[0139] Assuming the DTS coding with the compression ratio of 4:1 is usedfor compression coding, the number of channels determined by Eq. 2 is asshown in Table 19. Therefore, in accordance with Eq. 2, each samplingfrequency can support 8 or more channels. TABLE 19 Number of MaximumNumber Sampling Frequency Quantization Bits of Channels 48 KHz/44.1 KHz16 bits 52 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 20 42 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 24 35 96 KHz/88.2 KHz16 26 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 20 21 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 24 17 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 1613 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 20 10 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 24  8

[0140] Thus, the inventive DVD-Audio is constructed based on thestructure of the MPEG2 system layer, and therefore, the compressioncoded audio pack structure comprises a pack header of 14 bytes andcompression coded audio packets each having at maximum 2021 bytes, asshown in FIG. 26. The pack header meets the specification of MPEG2system layer.

[0141] The structure of the compression coded audio packet is also basedon the specification of MPEG2 system layer. The compression coded audiopacket is constructed as shown in Tables 20 and 21. The Table 20 has thesame structure as Table 10 presenting the structure of linear PCM audiopacket of the DVD-Video. TABLE 20 Field Bit Byte Value Commentpacket_start_code_prefix 24 3 00 0001h stream_id 8 1 1011 1101bprivate_stream_1 PES_packet_length 16 2 ‘10’ 2 3 PES_scramling_control 23 00b not scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 no prioritydata_alignment_indicator 1 3 0 not defined by descriptor copyright 1 3 0not defined by descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0 original: 1 copy:0PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flag 1 3 0 no ESCR field ES_rate_flag 13 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mode_flag 1 3 0 no trick mode fieldadditional_copy_info_flag 1 3 0 no copy info field PES_CRC_flag 1 3 0 noCRC field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1 PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to15 ‘0010’ 4 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS [32...30] 3 5 provider Note 1defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS [29...15] 15 5provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS[14...0] 15 5 provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 0 Note 1PES_private_data_flag 1 1 0 Note 2 pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0 Note 2program_packet_sequence_ 1 1 0 Note 2 counter_flag P_STD_buffer_flag 1 11 Note 2 reserved 3 1 111b Note 2 PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0 Note 2 ‘01’2 2 01b Note 2 P_STD_buffer_scale 1 2 1 Note 2 P_STD_buffer_size 13 2 58Note 2 stuffing_byte — 0-7

[0142] TABLE 21 DTS Audio data area Field Bit Byte Value Commentsub_stream_id 8 1 &&&& &***b Note 1 number_of_frame_headers 8 1 ProviderNote 2 Defined first_access_unit_pointer 16 2 Provider Note 3 Defined

[0143] Thus, the DVD-Audio is provided with more than 8 channels toperform the compression coding, available sampling frequencies of 48KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4 KHz, quantization bitnumber of 16, 20 or 24, compression ratio from 1:1 to over 5:1, downmixing, dynamic range control and time stamp.

[0144] The DTS compression algorithm used in the present embodiment hasa compression ratio low enough to provide significantly improved soundquality, and may optionally be employed in DVD-Video. The DVD-Video hasthe structures of DTS pack and packet and restricted items for DTS. Forthe restricted items, the bit rate after compression is limited up to1.5 Mbps and the sampling frequency for compressible data is only 48KHz. However, in the inventive DVD-Audio employing the DTS algorithm,the sampling frequency is extended to 192 KHz, quantization bit numberto 24 bits, multichannel data compressed to about 4:1, thereby providingdesirable sound quality. Namely, the compression coding used in theinventive DVD-Audio employs sampling frequencies of 48 KHz/44.1 KHz/96KHz/88.2 KHz/192 KHz/176.4 KHz and quantization bit number of 16 bits/20bits/24 bits so as to compress multichannel linear PCM data by about 4:1without degrading sound quality.

[0145] The DVD-Audio may additionally include VIDEO_TS and VMG for theinformation region in a structure which is the same as in the DVD-Videoin order to have compatibility with a DVD-Video player. However, theDVD-Video restricts the data transfer rate of an audio stream within6.144 Mbps, as shown in Table 11. TABLE 22 Transfer Rate Total StreamsOne Stream Note VOB 10.08 Mbps  — Video Streams 9.80 Mbps 9.80 MbpsNumber of Streams = 1 Audio Streams 9.80 Mbps 6.144 Mbps  Number ofStreams = 8(max) Sub-picture Streams 9.80 Mbps 3.36 Mbps Number ofStreams = 32(max)

[0146] Hence, the DVD-Video player may reproduce only the datasatisfying the DVD-Video specification among the audio data of theDVD-Audio. The linear PCM data reproduced by the DVD-Video player is asshown in Table 7. Of course, compression coded DTS data is played by theDVD-Video player to reproduce only DTS streams specified by theDVD-Video. For example, it is assumed that the titles to be stored intoa DVD are as shown in Table 23. TABLE 23 Sampling Number of Number ofFrequency Quantization Bits Channels Remark 48 KHz 16 8 ch Title 1 96KHz 16 4 ch Title 2 96 KHz 24 2 ch Title 3 96 KHz 24 4 ch Title 4 192KHz  24 2 ch Title 5

[0147] Then, the VIDEO_TS and VMG are recorded with the attribute andposition information of Titles 1 to 3 but not with the information ofTitles 4 and 5. On the contrary, the AUDIO_TS and AMG of the DVD-Audioare recorded with the information of all the Titles 1 to 5 because theTitles 1 to 3 meet the specifications of both DVD-Video and DVD-Audiobut the Titles 4 and 5 only meet the specification of the DVD-Audio.Hence, the Titles 4 and 5 may be played only by the DVD-Audio player. Ifthere is an available space in the data zone, the Titles 4 and 5 may beseparately recorded in the available data space with the samplingfrequency, quantization bit number and channel number reduced, and theinformation on the Titles 4 and 5 are stored into the VIDEO_TS and VMG.Then, the Titles 4 and 5 may be reproduced by a DVD-Video player.

[0148] If the compression coding DTS does not meet the specification ofthe DVD-Video concerning data transfer rate, number of channels,sampling frequency of original data, quantization bit number, etc., theinformation is recorded only in the AUDIO_TS and AMG but not in theVIDEO_TS and VMG. Namely, only the DTS streams satisfying thespecification of the DVD-Video may be recorded in the VIDEO_TS and VMG.In order to reproduce the DTS streams not conforming to thespecification of the DVD-Video, they must be coded to meet the transferrate, number of channels, sampling frequency and quantization bit numberspecified for the DVD-Video, stored to be recorded in the VIDEO_TS andVMG.

[0149] The AMG and ATSI_MAT of the DVD-Audio has the same structure asthe VMG and VTSI of the DVD-Video. However, the audio data exceeding thespecification of the DVD-Video such as sampling frequency of 192 KHz and8 or more channels must be changed to be reproduced by the DVD-Videoplayer. Hence, the disk is made as follows:

[0150] When the content of a title to be recorded on the disk is withinthe specification of the DVD-Video, any one of the VMG and the AMG iskept to make the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS direct the file through the VMGor AMG. Then, the DVD-Audio player regards the file as AMG to play whilethe DVD-Video player regards the file as VMG to play.

[0151] Meanwhile, if any of the titles to be recorded in the disk has anaudio stream which does not meet the specification of the DVD-Video,both the VMG and the AMG are kept together, and the VMG is not recordedwith the information on the titles which do not conform to thespecifications of the DVD-Video. Of course, the AMG has not recordedwith the information on the titles which have the sampling frequency,number of quantization bits and number of channels altered to becompatible with the DVD-Video player.

[0152] However, when the AMG and ATSI_MAT of the DVD-Audio arestructured entirely different from the VMG and VTSI_MAT of theDVD-Video, both VMG and AMG must be prepared, and thus both VTSI_MAT andATSI_MAT. Of course, the VMG and VTSI_MAT are provided with theinformation on the audio titles conforming to the specification of theDVD-Video.

[0153] The apparatus for playing the DVD-Audio may be designedindependently from the DVD-Video player, but the inventive DVD-Audioplayer may be combined with the DVD-Video player.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 27 for illustrating the structure of aDVD-Audio player, a system controller 111 controls the whole operationof the DVD-Audio player, serving the user interface. The systemcontroller 111 determines whether the inserted disk is a DVD-Video orDVD-Audio by checking effective data included in the VIDEO_TS andAUDIO_TS directory. When it is checked that effective data exists fromthe AUDIO_TS directory, the system controller 111 determines theinserted disk to be a DVD-Audio and thus, controls its playingoperation. But if it is determined that no effective data exists fromthe AUDIO TS, the system controller 111 determines the inserted disk tobe a DVD-Video, and thus, stops the playing operation.

[0155] A pickup device 112 is provided to read the data stored in theDVD-Audio. A servo controller 113 controls the pickup device 112 toperform various servo functions under the control of the systemcontroller 111. A data receiver 114 analyzes and corrects an erroroccurring in the data output from the pickup device 112, and includes anerror correction circuit. An audio decoder 115 transfers the audioinformation from the data receiver 114 to the system controller 111,decoding received audio data under the control of the system controller111.

[0156] The audio decoder 115 is designed to decode the linear PCM audiodata and compression coded audio data according to the presentinvention, as shown in FIG. 28. Referring to FIG. 28, an input databuffer 211 stores the audio data output from the data receiver 114. Astream selector 212 selectively outputs the audio data stream from theinput buffer 211 under the control of the system controller 111. Alinear PCM decoder 213 decodes linear PCM audio data received from thestream selector 212 to the original audio data. A coding data decoder(Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic Decoding Circuit) 214 decodescompression coded data from the stream selector 212 to the originalaudio data. An output buffer 215 stores the audio data delivered by thedecoding parts 213 and 214. A digital audio formatter 216 converts theaudio data from the decoding parts 213 and 214 into a format specifiedby the system controller 111. The timing controller 210 generates timingcontrol signals to control the operations of the parts of the audiodecoder 115 under the control of the system controller 111.

[0157] A digital processor (High-bit High-sampling Digital Filter) 116filters audio data from the audio decoder 115 under the control of thesystem controller 111. An audio output circuit (High Performance Digitalto Analog Converters and Analog Audio Circuitry) 117 converts the audiodata from the digital processor 116 into an analog signal.

[0158] Referring to FIGS. 27 and 28, the data receiver 114 transfers theaudio data reproduced from a DVD-Audio through the pickup device 112 tothe audio decoder 115. The reproduced audio data are sequentially storedinto the input buffer 211 of the audio decoder 115. The audio datastored in the input buffer 211 are selected by the stream selector 212and transferred to the decoding parts 213 and 214. Namely, when thesystem controller 111 demands decoding of the linear PCM audio data, thestream selector 212 transfers the audio data stored in the input buffer211 to the linear PCM decoder. In addition, when the system controller111 demands decoding of the compression coded data, the stream selector212 transfers the audio data stored in the input buffer to the codingdata decoder 214.

[0159] Describing the decoding operation of the linear PCM audio data,the linear PCM decoder 213 generally performs multichannel downmixing,sampling frequency conversion and requantization of the input signal.For example, when 8 -channel data produced from the stream selector 212is required to be converted into 2 -channel data, the linear PCM decoder213 performs multichannel downmixing to produce an output of therequired channel number. Further, when the input data sampled at 192 KHzis required by the system controller 111 to be converted into datasampled at 96 KHz, the linear PCM decoder 213 performs the samplingfrequency conversion to produce audio data of the required samplingfrequency. In addition, when the input audio data of 24 bit quantizationis required by the system controller 111 to be converted into data of 16bit quantization, the linear PCM decoder 213 performs the requantizationprocess to produce audio data of the required number of bits.

[0160] Describing the decoding operation of the compression coded audiodata, the coding data decoder 214 decodes the compression coded audiodata by carrying out the corresponding algorithm under the control ofthe system controller 111. In this case, the form of the audio dataproduced from the coding data decoder 214 is specified by the systemcontroller 111. In the present embodiment, the coding data decoder 214may be a DTS decoder. In addition, the coding data decoder 214 alsocarries out the multichannel downmixing, sampling frequency conversionand requantization of the input signal together with the algorithmdecoding.

[0161] The audio data decoded by the decoding parts 213 and 214 istransferred to the output buffer 215 and digital audio formatter 216.The output buffer 215 stores the decoding audio data to synchronize witha control signal supplied by the timing controller 210. The digitalaudio formatter 216 adjusts the decoded audio data to the transmissionformat between the digital devices, synchronizing it with a controlsignal from the timing controller 210. In this case, the output audiodata may be delivered to an audio/video system or a computer having thesame transmission format.

[0162] The decoded audio data from the audio decoder 115 is processedthrough the digital processor 116 and converted by the audio outputcircuit 117 into an analog signal. The digital processor 116 comprises aplurality of digital filters to eliminate noises outside the audiosignal band. The digital processor 116 requires a filter coefficienthaving a much higher resolution and number of taps than the digitalfilters used in the conventional DVD or CD to process the audio datasampled at 192 KHz and quantized by 24 bits. Of course, when a D/Aconverter of 96 KHz and 192 KHz becomes commonly available, the digitalprocessor 116 may be included in the D/A converter. The audio outputcircuit 117 includes a plurality of D/A converters to convert the audiodata deprived of noises into an analog audio signal.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 29 for illustrating an apparatus for playingboth DVD-Video and DVD-Audio, the system controller 311 controls thewhole operation of the DVD-Audio/Video player, serving the userinterface. The system controller 311 determines whether the inserteddisk is a DVD-Video or DVD-Audio by checking effective data included inthe VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS directory. When there is effective data fromthe AUDIO_TS directory, the system controller 311 determines theinserted disk to be a DVD-Audio and thus, controls its playingoperation. But if there is no effective data from the AUDIO_TS, thesystem controller 311 determines the inserted disk to be a DVD-Video,stops the present DVD-Audio playback mode, and changes to the playbackmode of the DVD-Video.

[0164] A pickup device 312 is provided to read the data stored in theDVD-Audio. A servo controller 313 controls the pickup device 312 toperform various servo functions under the control of the systemcontroller 311. A data receiver 314 analyzes and corrects an erroroccurring in the data output from the pickup device 312, and includes anerror correction circuit. An audio/video decoder 315 transfers the audioinformation from the data receiver 314 to the system controller 311,decoding received audio data under the control of the system controller311.

[0165] The audio/video decoder 315 is designed to decode video data andaudio data, as shown in FIG. 30. Referring to FIG. 30, an input databuffer 411 stores the audio and video data output from the data receiver314. A stream parser 412 selectively outputs the audio and video datastream from the input buffer 411 under the control of the systemcontroller 311. An audio decoding circuit 413 decodes the audio dataselected by the stream parser 412 in response to a control data from thesystem controller 311. A decoding audio output circuit 414 outputs thedecoded audio data from the audio decoding circuit 413. A video decodingcircuit 415 decodes the video data selected by the stream parser 412 inresponse to a control signal of the system controller 311. A decodingvideo output circuit 416 outputs the decoded video data from the videodecoding circuit 415. A timing controller 410 generates timing controlsignals to control the operations of the parts of the audio/videodecoder 315 under the control of the system controller 311.

[0166] The audio decoding circuit 413 must be provided with decodingelements corresponding to a linear PCM system, an MPEG system, an AC-3system and a compression coding system. The linear PCM system andcompression coding system require additional elements to reproduce theaudio data recorded in the inventive DVD-Audio. Namely, the decodingelements are provided to reproduce the audio data formed by samplingfrequency, quantization bits and audio channels according to the presentinvention. Also provided is a stream selector to distribute the audiodata corresponding to the decoding elements.

[0167] A digital processor (High-bit High-sampling Digital Filter) 316filters audio data from the audio/video decoder 315 under the control ofthe system controller 311. An audio output circuit (High PerformanceDigital to Analog Converters and Analog Audio Circuitry) 117 convertsthe audio data from the digital processor 316 into an analog signal. Avideo output circuit (NTSC Encoder Video Digital to Analog Converter'sAnalog Video Circuitry) 318 encodes video data from the audio/videodecoder 315 in NTSC, converting the video data into an analog videosignal.

[0168] Referring to FIGS. 29 and 30, the data reproduced from the diskthrough the pickup device 312 is transferred to the data receiver 314 toanalyze it and correct an error in it, and is applied to the audio/videodecoder 315. The data produced from the data receiver 314 is applied tothe input buffer 411 of the audio/video decoder 315. The stream parser412 selects a required stream according to a control data of the systemcontroller 311, and analyzes the stream to deliver the video data to thevideo decoding circuit 415 and the audio data to the audio decodingcircuit 413.

[0169] The audio decoding circuit 413 transforms the audio data from thestream parser 412 according to the requirements of the system controller311. The audio decoding circuit 413 must include the decoding functionsto decode audio data of both DVD-Video and DVD-Audio. The video decodingcircuit 415 decodes and transforms the input video data. The video datatransformation means sub_title process, pan_scan, etc.

[0170] The decoded audio and video data are respectively transferred tothe decoding audio and video output circuits 414 and 416, and arefinally transmitted outside in synchronism with timing control signalsof the timing controller 410. The decoding audio output circuit 414adjusts the decoded audio data to the transmission format between thedigital devices. The audio data generated from the decoding audio outputcircuit 414 is transferred to a different audio/video system orcomputer.

[0171] As shown in FIG. 29, the audio/video decoder 315 follows thespecification of the DVD-Video when processing video signals, andcarries out both the inventive algorithm and the audio decodingalgorithm according to the specification of the DVD-Video. Thus, theaudio decoding circuit 413 contains the linear PCM and DTS algorithms ofthe audio specification of the DVD-Video, and therefore both DVD-Videoand DVD-Audio may be reproduced.

[0172] In this case, the algorithm required for the audio decoding ofthe DVD-Video indicates linear PCM decoding(1)+AC-3 decoding+MPEGdecoding while the algorithm required for the audio decoding of theDVD-Audio indicates linear PCM decoding(2)+coding data decoding(Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic Decoding). Hence, the linear PCMalgorithm in the DVD-Video is included in the linear PCM algorithmaccording to the present invention. The decoding algorithm employed inthe DVD-Video and DVD-Audio includes the functions as expressed by Eq.3, carried out by the audio decoding circuit

Audio Decoder=Linear PCM Decoder(2)+Pseudo-Lossless PsychoacousticDecoder+AC-3 Decoder+MPEG Decoder.   3

[0173] Thus, such an apparatus for playing both DVD-Video and DVD-Audiodetects the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS of the inserted DVD to set the audiodecoding mode. The audio data of the DVD-Audio with the video dataeliminated is shown in Table 24. TABLE 24 Sampling Number of Bit Rateper Number of Required Data Frequency Quantization Bits Channel ChannelsCapacity 48 KHz 16 bits   768 Kbps 8 ch 5.99 Gbyte 20 bits   960 Kbps 8ch 5.76 Gbyte 24 bits 1.152 Mbps 8 ch 5.53 Gbyte 96 KHz 16 bits 1.536Mbps 6 ch 5.53 Gbyte 20 bits 1.920 Mbps 5 ch 5.76 Gbyte 24 bits 2.304Mbps 4 ch 5.53 Gbyte

[0174] The compression coding system specified in the DVD-Video maycompress data at a maximum of 448 Kbps. The sampling frequency to allowcompression is 48 KHz, and the number of quantization bits to allowcompression is 16 bits. Hence, the amount of data to be handled islimited, and the compression ratio is about 10:1. Therefore, it isunsuitable for audio data, especially in view of sound quality. If thecompression algorithm is a dolby AC-3 algorithm, the quantization systemis 16 bit linear PCM, the sampling frequency is 48 KHz, the maximumnumber of channels to record at is a maximum of 6 ch (one of the audiochannels having a subwoofer channel containing audio data below 200 Hzand using 0.1 of that channel), and possible bit rate is 192 Kbps-448Kbps. The dolby AC-3 algorithm is very limited in the number ofquantization bits, the sampling frequency, and the high compressionratio, resulting in serious degradation of sound quality and is thusunsuitable for audio use exclusively. In addition, when the compressionalgorithm is MPEG2 algorithm, the quantization system is 16 bits-24 bitslinear PCM, the sampling frequency is 48 KHz, the maximum number ofchannels to record is 8 ch (one of the audio channels having a subwooferchannel containing audio data below 200 Hz and using 0.1 of thatchannel), and the possible bit rate is 64 Kbps-912 Kbps. This algorithmhas a high quantization bit number for possible coding and a highchannel number to record, but the sampling frequency is limited and thecompression ratio high, thereby causing degradation of sound quality.

[0175] However, assuming that the transfer rate is 10.08 Mbps and thetime for reproducing is 80 minutes for the DVD-Audio, the linear PCMaudio is achieved as shown in Table 25. Furthermore, even in the casethat the sampling frequency is 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and 176.4 KHz, the PCMaudio may have similar values as those shown in Table 25. TABLE 25Sampling Number of Bit Rate per Number of Required Data FrequencyQuantization Bits Channel Channels Capacity  48 KHz 16 bits   768 Kbps13 ch  5.99 Gbyte  48 KHz 20 bits   960 Kbps 10 ch  5.76 Gbyte 24 bits1.152 Mbps 8 ch 5.53 Gbyte  96 KHz 16 bits 1.536 Mbps 6 ch 5.53 Gbyte 20bits 1.920 Mbps 5 ch 5.76 Gbyte 24 bits 2.304 Mbps 4 ch 5.53 Gbyte 192KHz 16 bits 3.072 Mbps 3 ch 5.53 Gbyte 20 bits 3.840 Mbps 2 ch 4.61Gbyte 24 bits 4.608 Mbps 2 ch 5.53 Gbyte

[0176] Employing DTS in the compression coding system, the quantizationuses 16 bit, 20 bit or 24 bit linear PCM, a sampling frequency of 48KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4 KHz, the maximumnumber of channels to record is 13 ch, and the compression ratio isabout 4:1. The DTS compression coding has a high quantization bit numberand sampling frequency with a reduced compression ratio, keeping highsound quality.

[0177] As described above with reference to FIGS. 27 and 29, the audioor audio/video player determines the kind of DVD by checking ifeffective data is stored in the AUDIO_TS directory. Namely, theDVD-Audio player performs the reproducing function or not according towhether is effective data stored in the AUDIO_TS directory. Theaudio/video player as shown in FIG. 29 performs the audio or videoplaying function according to whether effective data stored in theAUDIO_TS directory.

[0178]FIG. 31 describes the operation of the inventive concept withreference to the audio/video player as shown in FIG. 29. An inserted DVDis checked by the system controller 311 in steps 511, and the content ofthe AUDIO_TS directory is read in step 513. In step 515, it is checkedwhether there is effective data stored in the AUDIO TS directory. If theinserted DVD is a DVD-Video, there is no effective data in the AUDIO_TSdirectory. Namely, the DVD-Video has the AUDIO_TS directory, but it isempty. However, if the inserted DVD is a DVD-Audio, the AUDIO_TSdirectory contains the information on the positions of the audio data asshown in FIGS. 10 to 18C.

[0179] Detecting effective data in the AUDIO_TS directory in step 515,the system controller 311 determines the inserted disk as being aDVD-Audio in step 517. In step 519, the position of the AMG as shown inFIGS. 10 and 11 is located by reading the AUDIO_TS directory. Then, thepickup device 312 is moved to the position of the AMG in the DVD in step521, where the AMG is read to confirm the information on the placesstoring the entire audio data. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the AMGcontains the information on all audio titles stored in the DVD-Audio aswell as the attribute and position information of each title.

[0180] In step 523, the system controller 311 checks whether there is ademand for reproducing a specific audio title. The demand is made by theuser or a command stored in the DVD-Audio. Detecting the demand toreproduce a title, the system controller 311 locates the position of thetitle in the disk according to the position information obtained fromthe AMG in step 525, and in step 527, moves the pickup device 312 to theposition of the ATSI_MAT of the title to read it. In step 529, theinformation of the ATSI_MAT as shown in FIGS. 15 to 18C is analyzed todetermine the reproducing algorithm by discovering the kind andattribute of the audio title to play. In step 531, the audio decodingcircuit 413 of the audio/video decoder 315 is set to the selected audiodata from the DVD-Audio according to the reproducing algorithm. Theinformation required to set the audio decoding circuit 413 are the audiocoding mode, the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number and thechannel number. Finally, the selected title is decoded by the audiodecoding circuit 413 played in step 533.

[0181] On the other hand, if there is no effective data in the AUDIO_TSdirectory in step 515, the system controller 311 determines the inserteddisk as being a DVD-Video, and in step 537, the position of the VMG islocated by reading the VIDEO_TS directory. Then, the pickup device 312is moved to the position of the VMG in the DVD in step 539, where theVMG is read to confirm the information on the places storing the entirevideo data. Thereafter, if there is a demand to reproduce a title, thevideo, sub-picture and audio data of the selected title are playedaccording to the information stored in the VTSI_MAT.

[0182] Likewise, a DVD-Audio player, which only reproduces data from aDVD-Audio, also performs the steps 511 to 533 for the DVD-Audio, butstops the playing operation for a DVD-Video.

[0183] After setting the audio decoding circuit 413 according to theinformation stored in the ATSI_MAT, the system controller 311 analyzesthe audio pack stored in the data area of a DVD-Audio from step 533going through the steps as shown in FIG. 32.

[0184] In step 611, the system controller 311 commands a decodingoperation of the audio decoding circuit 413, and in step 613, controlsthe stream parser 412 to transfer the received audio data to the audiodecoding circuit 413 provided with the corresponding audio algorithm.Then, the audio decoding circuit 413 decodes the received audio dataaccording to the algorithm set by the system controller 311. Here, thesystem controller 311 checks the operational state of the audio decodingcircuit 413 in step 615. Detecting an abnormal state of the audiodecoding circuit, the process proceeds to step 621 to control thedecoding circuit 413 to stop the decoding operation, and the streamparser 412 is controlled to stop transferring data. Then, afterperforming the repair algorithm according to the abnormal state, theprocess is returned to step 611.

[0185] However, if the audio decoding circuit 413 performs the decodingoperation normally in step 615, the decoded audio data is output throughthe decoding audio output circuit 414 in step 617. Thereafter, theoperational state of the audio decoding circuit 413 is checked again instep 619. Detecting the abnormal state, the process proceeds to the step621, or otherwise the process is returned to decode the next audio data.When the audio stream is fully decoded by the audio decoding circuit413, the system controller 311 controls the digital processor 316 andaudio output circuit 317 to convert the decoded audio data into ananalog signal.

[0186] Thus, the inventive DVD includes a VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TSdirectory to make it possible to distinguish a DVD-Audio from aDVD-Video by checking effective data stored in the AUDIO_TS directory,The DVD-Audio may be recorded with the audio data sampled at a maximumof 192 KHz and quantized by 24 bits. Further, audio channels may beextended greatly. Therefore, by reproducing the audio data in the DVDaudio, it is possible to reproduce an audio signal of high quality whichis suitable for multi-channel music. The number of channels limited bythe data transfer speed, the sampling frequency and the quantization bitnumber is extended by using a coding algorithm.

[0187] In the case where the linear PCM data sampled at the samplingfrequency of 192 KHz is divided into the linear PCM data of 96 KHz andthe data of 192 KHz so that the data of 96 KHz is recorded by thelossless psychoacoustic coding, the DVD of the present invention recordsthe audio titles at the sampling frequency of 192 KHz in the AUDIO_TSdirectory by linear PCM lossless coding, and records the video titles atthe sampling frequency of 96 KHz in the VIDEO_TS directory by linear PCMcoding. The DVD-audio player reads the AUDIO_TS to demodulate the databy the lossless psychoacoustic coding, and mixes it with the data of 96KHz to reproduce it into the data of 192 KHz. The DVD-video player readsthe VIDEO_TS directory to reproduce the data of 96 KHz. That is, byrecording one title into the AUDIO_TS and VIDEO_TS separately, theDVD-audio player may reproduce the data at 192 KHz and the DVD-videoplayer may reproduce the data at 96 KHz.

[0188] Furthermore, in the case where the music data sampled at the 44.1KHz for an existing CD is provided to the DVD, the music data of 44.1KHz should be converted into the music data of 48 KHz in order toprovide it by using the conventional DVD-video format. Undesirably,however, the audio data may be degraded during the conversion. The DVDaccording to the present invention can support the audio frequencysampled at 44.1 KHz in DVD-audio format. Thus, it is possible to recordthe audio data as it is without conversion of the sampling frequency andprovide it together with the video data, thereby providing the audiosound of high quality.

[0189] Further, FIG. 33 is a block diagram of a recording/reproducingapparatus for implementing the present invention. The function of therecording/reproducing apparatus for recording/reproducing A/V(audio/video) data using the DVD-Audio or DVD-Video is largely dividedinto recording and reproduction. A description of the playback aspect ofthe embodiment has already been explained above in the context of theDVD-Audio players and DVD-Audio/DVD-Video players shown in FIGS. 27 and29, respectively. The digital processors 116 and 316 (shown in FIGS. 27and 29) are encompassed in a digital signal processor 720, and thesystem controller 111 and 314 (shown in FIGS. 27 and 29) are encompassedin a system controller 760.

[0190] During recording, an A/V codec and/or a host interface 710compression-codes an externally applied A/V signal according to apredetermined compression scheme and supplies size information for thecompressed data. The digital signal processor (DSP) 720 receives thecompressed A/V data supplied from the AV codec and/or the host interface710, adds additional data for error correction code (ECC) processingthereto, and performs modulation using a predetermined modulationscheme. A radio frequency amplifier (RF AMP) 730 converts the modulateddata from the DSP into a radio frequency (RF) signal. Then, a pickup 740records the RF signal supplied from the RF AMP 730 on the DVD-Audiomounted on a turn table of the pickup 740. A servo unit 750 receivesinformation necessary for servo control from a system controller 760 andstably performs a servo function for the mounted disk. As a result, theaudio data disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention arerecorded by the pickup 740 on the DVD-Audio.

[0191] During playback of information data stored on the disk, thepickup 740 picks up the optical signal from the disk having theinformation data stored therein, and the information data is extractedfrom the optical signal. The RF AMP 730 converts the optical signal intoan RF signal, and extracts the servo signal for performing a servofunction, and modulated data. The DSP 720 demodulates the modulated datasupplied from the RF AMP 730 corresponding to the modulation scheme usedduring modulation, performs an ECC process to correct errors, andeliminates added data. The servo unit 750 receives information necessaryfor servo control from the RF AMP 730 and the system controller 760, andstably performs the servo function. The AV codec and/or the hostinterface 710 decodes the compressed A/V data supplied from the DSP 720to output the A/V signal. The system controller 760 controls the overallsystem for reproducing and recording the information data from and onthe disk mounted on the turn table of the pickup 740.

[0192] The system controller 760 and the DSP 720 handle processing thedata during recording and reproduction, including performing linkingschemes in connection with recording and reproducing as well asperforming linking schemes when processing defective areas on the mediaduring recording and reproducing.

[0193] Preferably, a general DVD-video player should be connected to theDVD-audio player which can reproduce the 24 -bit data of 192 KHz, sincethe general DVD-video has a specification inferior to that of theDVD-audio.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for reproducing a DVD-Audio diskhaving an audio manager (AMG) having information on an audio title (ATS)and the ATS has audio title set information (ATSI) followed bycontiguous audio objects (AOBs), the ATSI includes audio streamattributes, each audio stream attribute indicating an audio coding mode,a first, second, and third quantization bit number corresponding to thedata to be reproduced, a first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixthsampling frequency corresponding to the data to be reproduced, anddecoding algorithm information relating to a number of audio channels ofthe data to be reproduced, and each of the AOBs includes a plurality ofaudio packs recorded with audio data corresponding to the decodingalgorithm stored in the audio stream attribute, the apparatuscomprising: an optical pickup to pickup an optical signal from theDVD-Audio disk; a controller to generate, using information dataextracted from the optical signal, an audio control signal including theaudio coding mode, the sampling frequency of the six potential samplingfrequencies, the number of audio channels, and the detected one of thefirst through third quantization bit numbers; and an audio decoder todecode the audio data, to multi-channel mix, to sampling-frequencyconvert, to requantize the decoded audio signal according to the audiocontrol signal, and to generate an output decoded audio data.
 2. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the audio coding mode is linearpulse code modulated (PCM) audio, the first through third quantizationbit numbers are respectively 16 bits, 20 bits and 24 bits, and the firstthrough sixth sampling frequencies are respectively 48 KHz, 96 KHz, 192KHz, 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz, and 176.4 KHz.
 3. The apparatus as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the audio coding mode is a compression coding system,the first through third quantization bit numbers of the audio databefore compression are respectively 16 bits, 20 bits and 24 bits, andthe first through sixth sampling frequencies are respectively 48 KHz, 96KHz, 192 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz, and 176.4 KHz.
 4. The apparatus asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said audio decoder further comprises audiodecoding circuits to decode the audio data, to multi-channel mix, tosampling-frequency convert, and to requantize the decoded audio signalaccording to the audio control signal, wherein each audio decodingcircuit corresponds to an audio coding mode.
 5. The apparatus as claimedin claim 1, wherein said audio decoder further comprises a streamselector to select one of the audio streams which comprise the audiodata according to the audio coding mode control signal to deliver theselected audio stream to the corresponding one of the audio decodingcircuits, and the audio decoding circuits comprise a linear pulse codemodulated (PCM) decoding circuit to decode the selected audio streamwhen the selected audio stream is a linear PCM audio stream, and tosampling frequency convert, to multichannel downmix, and to requantizethe decoded linear PCM audio stream according to the audio controlsignal, and a coding data decoding circuit to decode the selected audiostream when the selected audio stream is a compression coded audiostream by a corresponding extension algorithm, and to sampling frequencyconvert, to multichannel downmix, and to requantize the decodedcompression coded audio stream according to the audio control signal. 6.The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data receiver furthercorrects errors in the read data; said audio decoder comprises: a linearPCM decoder, a Dolby AC-3 decoder, a coding data decoder, and an MPEGdecoder; and said controller drives the corresponding one of the linearPCM decoder, Dolby AC-3 decoder, coding data decoder, and MPEG decoderto decode the audio data based upon the audio coding mode of thecorrected audio data.
 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, furthercomprising a digital processor to filter the decoded audio data
 8. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first through sixthsampling frequencies comprise at least two sampling frequencies above100 Khz.
 9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein two of thefirst through sixth sampling frequencies comprise 192 KHz and 176.4 KHz.10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ATSI furthercomprises value fields, and the first through sixth sampling frequenciesare indicated by corresponding states of two of the value fields, andsaid controller further determines which of the first through sixthsampling frequencies is the sampling frequency from the correspondingstates of the two value fields.
 11. The apparatus as claimed in claim10, wherein one of the value fields indicates whether the samplingfrequency is above 100 Khz.
 12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10,wherein one of the value fields indicates whether the sampling frequencyis one of 176.4 Khz and 192 Khz.
 13. The apparatus as claimed in claim10, wherein, the other of the two value fields has a state thatindicates the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192 Khz, and saidcontroller further detects the one value field to determine whether thesampling frequency is one of 176.4 Khz and 192 khz, and the state of theother value field to determine whether the sampling frequency is 176.4Khz or 192 Khz.
 14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein, thefirst value field has a first or second state, the first state indicatesthe sampling frequency is one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and 176.4 KHz , andthe second state indicates the sampling frequency is one of 48 KHz, 96KHz, and 192 KHz.
 15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein afirst of the two value fields has a first or a second state, the firststate indicates the sampling frequency is one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and176.4 KHz, and the second state indicates the sampling frequency is oneof 48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz, a second of the two value fields hasthree states, and said controller further detects the first or secondstate of the first value field to determine whether the samplingfrequency is one of one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and 176.4 KHz, or one of48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz, and one of the three states of the secondvalue field to determine whether the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or192 Khz.
 16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: anRF amplifier to convert the optical signal into an RF signal, and toextract modulated data including the information data; and a demodulatorto demodulate the modulated data to be provided to said audio decoder.17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein said demodulatorcomprises an digital signal processor, and said audio decoder comprisesan AV codec that decodes the encoded audio data from said demodulator tooutput the output decoded audio data.
 18. The apparatus as claimed inclaim 17, wherein said audio decoder further comprises a host interfacethat decodes the encoded audio data with the AV codec.
 19. The apparatusas claimed in claim 16, wherein said RF amplifier further extracts aservo signal, and further comprising: a servo unit to perform servocontrol using the extracted servo signal and information from saidcontroller.
 20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, furthercomprising: an RF amplifier to convert the optical signal into an RFsignal, and to extract modulated data including the information data;and a demodulator to demodulate the modulated data to be provided tosaid audio decoder.
 21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, whereinsaid demodulator comprises an digital signal processor, and said audiodecoder comprises an AV codec that decodes the encoded audio data fromsaid demodulator to output the output decoded audio data.
 22. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein said audio decoder furthercomprises a host interface that decodes the encoded audio data with theAV codec.
 23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein said RFamplifier further extracts a servo signal, and further comprising: aservo unit to perform servo control using the extracted servo signal andinformation from said controller.